![]() It was commissioned with the Indian Navy in 2012 as INS Chakra. This boat was leased to India since 2011 until 2020. At least two more were projected but were not built. Nepra began sea trials in 2008. ![]() Three additional boats the Belgograd and Kuguar launched between 1998-2000 as Akula II boats, are also incomplete. Five more (theVolk, Morzh, Leopard, Tigr and Drakon built between 1986-95) are classified as the Project 971 U or Improved Akula class, while a 13th boat, the Vepr of the Project 971M or Akula II class, was launched in 1995. The first seven boats (designated in the West as the Akula I class) were constructed between 1982-90, and are the Puma, Delfin, Kashalot,Bars, Kit, Pantera and Narval. Today, they make up about half of Russia’s dwindling fleet of nuclear-powered attack submarines. The steel-hulled submarines of the Project 971 Schuka-B, designated by NATO as Akula class were easier and cheaper to built than the Sierras, and are essentially successors to the prolific Victor class. The submarines are being developed as part of Project 885 Yasen and are preceded by the Akula Class. ![]() Yasen / Graney Class submarines are being built by Russia’s Sevmash shipyard for the Russian Navy.
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